Prevention and Control of Powdery Mildew

Understanding which plants are prone to powdery mildew and why others are resistant can help you make informed decisions about what to plant in your garden and how to manage those that are susceptible. By choosing resistant varieties and maintaining good cultural practices, you can minimize the impact of powdery mildew in your garden.

Prevention of Powdery Mildew

1. Choose Resistant Varieties: Select plant varieties that are resistant or less susceptible to powdery mildew.

2. Proper Spacing: Ensure adequate spacing between plants to improve air circulation, which helps to reduce humidity levels around the foliage.

3. Watering Practices:

   • Water plants at the base, avoiding overhead watering, which can increase humidity and promote mildew growth.

   • Water early in the day to allow moisture on the plants to dry before evening.

4. Soil Management:

   • Keep the area around plants clean and free of debris, as organic matter can harbor the fungus.

   • Use well-draining soil to avoid excess moisture, which can contribute to mildew growth.

5. Mulching: Apply mulch around the base of plants to retain soil moisture and prevent splashing of water onto the leaves, which can spread spores.

6. Regular Monitoring: Inspect plants regularly, especially during periods of warm, dry weather followed by high humidity. Early detection can help prevent the spread.

Removal of Powdery Mildew

1. Prune Affected Areas:

   • Remove and destroy infected leaves, stems, or flowers as soon as you notice them.

   • Dispose of the infected plant material in the trash, not in compost, to prevent spreading the spores.

2. Natural Remedies:

   • Milk Spray: Mix 1 part milk with 2 parts water and spray the affected plants. Milk has natural anti-fungal properties.

   • Baking Soda Solution: Mix 1 tablespoon of baking soda, 1 teaspoon of liquid soap, and 1 gallon of water. Spray this solution on affected plants to kill the mildew.

3. Fungicides:

   • Edible Plants: Apply an organic fungicide, such as neem oil or sulfur-based products. These are effective and safe for edible plants.When treating edible plants, especially those you will soon harvest, prioritize non-toxic, organic solutions like milk sprays, neem oil, or baking soda. Chemical fungicides should be used with caution, ensuring they are safe for food crops.

   • Ornamental Plants: While you can use the same organic methods, you have more flexibility with chemical treatments since there’s no concern about consumption. For severe cases, you may need to use a chemical fungicide, but ensure it’s labeled safe for the specific plants you're treating. However, still consider the environmental impact and safety, particularly if the ornamental plants are near edible gardens or frequented by pets or children.

4. Improve Air Circulation:

   • Thin out the foliage to allow better airflow around the plants, which can help reduce the humidity that powdery mildew thrives on.

   • Ensure plants are not overcrowded.

5. Maintain a Dry Environment:

   • Avoid watering in the evening to reduce the amount of time plants stay wet, as mildew thrives in humid, dark conditions.

   • Increase sunlight exposure if possible, as powdery mildew is less likely to thrive in direct sunlight.

Washing Off Powdery Mildew

If you want to preserve as many leaves as possible, you can gently wash off the powdery mildew from the least affected leaves instead of removing them entirely. Choose a time when the plants are not exposed to direct sunlight, such as early morning or late afternoon. This prevents the leaves from getting sunburned after washing.

1. Prepare a mild solution using one of the following options:

   • Water and Baking Soda Solution: Mix 1 tablespoon of baking soda with 1 gallon of water. This helps to neutralize the mildew and prevent further spread.

   • Water and Dish Soap Solution: Mix a few drops of mild liquid soap (not detergent) with 1 gallon of water. The soap helps break down the mildew and makes it easier to wash off.

   • Water and Milk Solution: Mix 1 part milk with 2 parts water. Milk has natural antifungal properties and is gentle on the leaves.

2. Washing the Leaves:

   • Dip a soft cloth, sponge, or spray bottle into the solution.

   • Gently wipe or spray the affected leaves, focusing on the areas with visible mildew. Be careful not to scrub too hard, as this can damage the leaves.

   • If using a spray, ensure you thoroughly cover the affected areas, allowing the solution to sit for a few minutes.

3. Rinsing:

   • After wiping or spraying, rinse the leaves with clean water to remove any residue from the solution.

   • You can use a gentle spray from a garden hose or a watering can to do this.

4. Drying:

   • Allow the leaves to air dry naturally. Make sure there is good airflow around the plants to speed up the drying process and prevent further mildew growth.

   • Avoid watering the plants from above until the leaves are completely dry.

5. Follow-Up Care:

   • Monitor the leaves over the next few days. If you notice any new mildew spots, you may need to repeat the washing process.

   • Ensure the plants are in an environment with good air circulation and proper sunlight to help prevent future mildew outbreaks.

Plants Prone to Powdery Mildew

Powdery mildew is a common fungal disease that affects a wide variety of plants. Some of the most susceptible plants include:

1. Vegetables:

   • Cucurbits: Cucumbers, pumpkins, squash, and zucchini.

   • Tomatoes: Especially in humid conditions.

   • Peppers: Both hot and sweet varieties.

   • Beans: Particularly pole beans.

2. Fruits:

   • Grapes: Both wine and table varieties are prone to powdery mildew.

   • Apples and Pears: Especially in humid climates.

   • Strawberries: Can be affected under certain conditions.

3. Ornamentals:

   • Roses: Very susceptible to powdery mildew, particularly in humid environments.

   • Lilacs: Often affected, especially in areas with poor air circulation.

   • Zinnias and Phlox: Commonly get powdery mildew in gardens.

   • Begonias: Susceptible in both outdoor and indoor environments.

4. Trees and Shrubs:

   • Dogwoods: Particularly in shady, damp areas.

   • Oaks: Some species are prone, especially in moist conditions.

   • Maples: Certain varieties can be affected.

5. Proper Care and Maintenance: Plants that are well-cared for, with proper watering, fertilization, and pruning, are generally more resilient to diseases, including powdery mildew. Healthy plants can often fend off or recover from infections more effectively than stressed or neglected ones.

“Grow Your Own Food” blog posts

See the full list of our Grow Your Own Food blog posts. Each post is assigned ”tags” which are under the post title. If you need a quick answer to a gardening question give us a call or send a text to our customer support team – support[at]deep-roots-project.org AND 708-655-5299.

Deep Roots online store

See our online store for details about prices, ordering and delivery of raised beds, planter boxes, microbe-rich compost, worm castings, leaf mulch and more. We don’t sell traditional soil, since we use 100% compost as our growing medium. Our online store has 2 sections – (1) raised beds and planter boxes and (2) compost, worm castings, fertilizer.

Please contact our customer support team before placing an order online so we can assist you with the details and answer your gardening questions. You can pay by credit card in the store or by check.

(708) 655-5299 and support[at]deep-roots-project.org

Please leave your cell phone number when you sign up for our eNewsletter, if you want text message announcements now and then. 

Donations help us provide organic kitchen gardening education to individuals, organizations, and entire communities. Thank you in advance for contributing to our community and for sharing our website and blog with friends and family.

Protection from the Squash Vine Borer

By following these instructions, you can effectively protect your squash plants from the squash vine borer moth and its caterpillar, ensuring a healthy and bountiful harvest. Trombocino squash is an Italian heirloom that provides it own natural protection against this pest because of it very hard lower stem.

Summary:

Here are detailed instructions for protecting a squash seedling from the squash vine borer moth and caterpillar using the plastic cup method. A small plastic flower pot or plastic cup is placed around the root ball of a seedling before it is planted in the ground.

The bottom of the pot or cup must be removed with scissors. The side must be slit also so the pot or cup can be wrapped around the root. The cup is partially under the soil and partially above the soil. Bug netting can also protect the plant from the moth laying its eggs on or near the plant. The cup protects the lower stem from the caterpillar boring inside the stem.

Materials needed:

• Small plastic flower pot or plastic cup

• Scissors

• Bug netting (optional)

• Squash seedlings

• Gardening trowel

• Soil

Instructions:

1. Prepare the plastic cup or small flower pot:

   • Remove the Bottom: Use scissors to cut out the bottom of the plastic cup or flower pot. This creates an open cylinder that will allow the plant’s roots to grow into the soil.

   • Slit the Side: Make a vertical cut from the top to the bottom of the cup. This slit will enable you to wrap the cup around the root ball of the seedling.

2. Prepare the seedling:
   Carefully remove the squash seedling from its nursery container, ensuring you keep the root ball intact.

3. Place the cup around the root ball:
   Gently wrap the prepared plastic cup around the root ball of the seedling. The slit should allow you to easily encircle the root without damaging it.

4. Plant the seedling:

   • Dig a hole in your garden bed that is deep enough to accommodate the root ball and the plastic cup.

   • Place the seedling, with the plastic cup around its root ball, into the hole. Ensure that the cup is partially buried under the soil and partially above the soil. The buried part will protect the roots and lower stem, while the exposed part will prevent the squash vine borer moth from laying eggs near the base of the plant.

5. Secure the cup:

   • Firmly press the soil around the base of the plastic cup to keep it in place. Ensure that the cup stands upright and does not tip over.

   • The cup should protrude about 2-3 inches above the soil surface. This barrier will help protect the lower stem from the caterpillars boring inside.

6. Optional: apply bug netting:

   • To provide additional protection, you can cover the entire plant with bug netting. This will prevent the moth from reaching the plant to lay eggs.

   • Secure the netting tightly around the base of the plant, ensuring there are no gaps where the moth can enter.

   • Check regularly to ensure the netting is still secure and the plant has enough space to grow.

7. Regular monitoring:

   • Regularly inspect the plant for any signs of squash vine borer activity or damage. Look for small holes at the base of the stem, frass (sawdust-like debris), and wilting leaves.

   • If you notice any signs of infestation, take immediate action to remove the caterpillars manually and treat the plant with appropriate organic pesticides if necessary.

“Grow Your Own Food” blog posts

See the full list of our Grow Your Own Food blog posts. Each post is assigned ”tags” which are under the post title. If you need a quick answer to a gardening question give us a call or send a text to our customer support team – support[at]deep-roots-project.org AND 708-655-5299.

Deep Roots online store

See our online store for details about prices, ordering and delivery of raised beds, planter boxes, microbe-rich compost, worm castings, leaf mulch and more. We don’t sell traditional soil, since we use 100% compost as our growing medium. Our online store has 2 sections – (1) raised beds and planter boxes and (2) compost, worm castings, fertilizer.

Please contact our customer support team before placing an order online so we can assist you with the details and answer your gardening questions. You can pay by credit card in the store or by check.

(708) 655-5299 and support[at]deep-roots-project.org

Please leave your cell phone number when you sign up for our eNewsletter, if you want text message announcements now and then.

Donations help us provide organic kitchen gardening education to individuals, organizations, and entire communities. Thank you in advance for contributing to our community and for sharing our website and blog with friends and family.

Growing and Using Comfrey

Comfrey (Symphytum officinale) has been used for centuries in herbal medicine, but its use comes with significant safety concerns. The primary concern is the presence of pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs), which can cause severe liver damage and are potentially carcinogenic. (Searched 4 sites)

Safe Uses of Comfrey

Topical Applications:

Wound Healing and Skin Conditions: Comfrey can be used safely on unbroken skin for treating wounds, bruises, sprains, and other minor injuries. It is often used in the form of poultices, salves, and ointments. However, it should not be applied to broken skin or used for more than 10 days in a row to avoid absorption of harmful PAs (Drugs.com) (SPICEography) .

Gardening:

Fertilizer: Comfrey leaves are rich in nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, making them excellent for use as a natural fertilizer. The leaves can be steeped in water to create a liquid fertilizer or added directly to compost (Common Sense Home).

Unsafe Uses of Comfrey

Internal Use:

Ingesting Comfrey: Consuming comfrey, whether as a tea, in salads, or in other foods, is generally considered unsafe due to the risk of liver damage and other serious health issues. The PAs present in comfrey can accumulate in the liver and cause veno-occlusive disease, leading to liver failure and potentially cancer (Drugs.com) (SPICEography) .

Conclusion

While comfrey can be beneficial for certain topical applications and in gardening, it is not safe for internal consumption due to the high risk of liver toxicity and other serious health problems. It is always best to consult with a healthcare provider before using comfrey, especially if you have underlying health conditions or are taking other medications.

Swede Midge Fly Management

Suburban organic gardeners in Illinois usually protect their Brassica crops (kale, collards, cabbage, etc.) from cabbage moths and their caterpillars. But, brace yourselves for a new Brassica family pest challenge – the tiny Swede Midge fly. There are conventional toxic pesticide sprays that do control and prevent swede midge that we can’t use in our organic gardens. Deep Roots consulted with the Chicago Botanic Garden Plant Information Service about the best non-toxic solutions.

Protect Collards, Kale & Cabbage from Pests

The swede midge fly (Contarinia nasturtii), an invasive pest from Europe, has begun wreaking havoc on brassica crops. including radish, horseradish, rutabaga, turnip, rapeseed (canola), arugula, bok choy and Chinese cabbage. Crops that are most damaged include common favorites such as broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage, kale, kohlrabi, collards and Brussels sprouts.

Swede midge are very tiny lightweight flies that can spread long distances by the wind. Their life cycle is between May to October in Zones 5 and 6 (Chicagoland area). The first year or so of its presence often goes unnoticed, but un-recognized populations can quickly build up and devastate brassica crops. There are conventional toxic pesticide sprays that do control and prevent swede midge that we can’t use in our organic gardens.

Swede midge is a pest in many parts of the northeastern United States, including New York, Vermont, and New Hampshire. It has also been found in Minnesota, Illinois, and Wisconsin. 

Understanding the swede midge life cycle

We expect the swede midge will find our collards kale and cabbage. Once the damage is visible there is no way to save the plant. Cut down the plant stem at the soil and put in the garbage – not the compost bin.

In the Chicago area, encompassing USDA Hardiness Zones 5b and 6a, adult swede midge (Contarinia nasturtii) typically begin to emerge from overwintering pupae in May . This emergence marks the start of their active period, which extends through October, during which they can produce multiple overlapping generations 

The fly’s life cycle repeats about 5 times every growing season. Adult flies live for a few days, just long enough to reproduce and lay 2 to 50 eggs on the newest growth points of a Brassica host plant. The emerging larvae (maggots) feed by secreting digestive enzymes, damaging the plant’s growing points and causing deformities or preventing proper head formation.

After the maggots are well fed and fully grown, they dive into the top inch of soil to pupate – transform back into a fly. They emerge from the soil as adult flies within a week or two, depending upon soil temperature and moisture, and start the cycle over again. But if buried below 2 inches, the pupae can survive for two years and can emerge if digging or tilling brings them higher up at a later time.

Identifying swede midge damage

In the worst cases, damage to single-stemmed heading brassica crops such as broccoli, cauliflower and cabbage looks as if the plants have been pinched back, preventing a single large head from forming. Because feeding damage can vary greatly depending on where the larvae feed on the plant and on the stage of plant development, it can be confused with many other issues.

Eat the unaffected collard, kale and cabbage leaves

This method has been approved by the Chicago Botanical Garden Plant Information Service (847-835-0972). If a collard, kale and cabbage plant is infested with swede midge, you might still consider eating the unaffected leaves, but it's essential to take a few precautions. Make sure the leaves are thoroughly cleaned and cooked to minimize any potential risks associated with the infestation. Here are some steps to consider if you want to eat the unaffected leaves:

1. Inspect the whole plant: Carefully cut off any infected stems or parts.

2. Inspect the leaves: Carefully check the leaves for any signs of damage or presence of larvae. The larvae are very small and might not be immediately visible to the naked eye.

3. Wash thoroughly: Even if some leaves appear unaffected, wash them thoroughly in water, possibly with a mild soap solution, to remove any larvae or eggs that might be present.

4. Cook the leaves: Cooking can help ensure that any remaining insects or pathogens are killed. It's generally safer to eat cooked leaves than raw, especially if there's a chance they've been exposed to pests.

5. Monitor the plant: Keep an eye on the plant for further signs of infestation. If the infestation is severe, it might be better to remove and destroy the affected plant to prevent the pests from spreading.

6. Remove a plant without pulling the root in order to keep the healthy soil microbes in the soil. Not disturbing the soil as much as possible is a basic principle of our regenerative gardening method. Pull out the roots of only root crops like beets.

Recommendations for successful organic food harvest

Until agricultural scientists find an effective and simple way to organically and safely prevent or control swede midge. You won’t know if swede midge has already infected your soil before you plant. Deep Roots have suggestions for new growing seasons.

1. Protect a few collards, kale and cabbage plants with bug netting. See below details for a few options and links to videos.

2. It’s risky to buy seedlings from a garden center since they could be already infected by swede midge. Only buy them if they have been stored indoors.

3. DON’T grow Brassica crops this year. Substitute other leafy greens and veggies. Three suggestions

   • Grow regular spinach which must be started from seed. Best to plant the seeds in November.

   • Grow Red Malabar Spinach from seed indoors to give it a head start. This leafy green veggie doesn’t look like normal spinach, but has a similar taste. Unlike normal spinach, it grows well through the warm summer season. Plant it when you plant summer crops like tomatoes. It’s a vine that winds around any structure, trellis or plant nearby. Give it a big tall trellis.

   • Buy Swiss Chard seedlings at garden centers. It grows through spring and summer. Eat the leaves and the stems. We usually add the leaves to a salad and make hummus from the stems.

   • Beet greens look and taste like Swiss Chard. Direct sow the seeds in spring

   • Other veggies to try are:

     • Lettuce (various types, including romaine, butterhead, and iceberg)

     • Fresh herbs (cilantro, dill, parsley, chives, etc.)

     • Green onion

     • Leek

     • Chicory, Endive, Escarole, Radicchio

     • Fennel

     • French Tarragon

     • Asparagus

     • Celery

Make physical barriers with bug netting:

You won’t know until you try to grow Brassicas if your soil is already infected. If your soil is NOT already infected, physical barriers are a crucial defense mechanism. Cover your brassica plants with fine insect netting throughout the growing season. Place small groups of Brassica family crops under bug netting bags, or cover your whole bed with bug netting.

Contact our customer support team about buying bug netting bags and sheets from us. The bug netting page is not yet on our store.

• Bug netting bags protect small groups of plants in a raised bed: Bags can be different heights. Learn more details in this video: Growing Georgia Southern Collards Greens about harvesting collard greens and protecting them with large 4 x 4 foot netting bags supported by garden stakes. Their system protects from cabbage worms and butterflies, since they haven’t yet been invaded by Swede Midge.
  -Tall Brassicas (like kale, collards): Since these plants can grow 4 to 5 feet tall, use larger bug netting bags designed for big fruiting plants. Support the netting with 2-3 wooden stakes inside the bag to prevent it from resting on the plants and potentially damaging them. Use stones, wood or garden staples to hold down the bottom of netting against the soil.
  -Short Brassicas (like cabbage): Use smaller bug netting bags suitable for their height. Or place sheets of bug netting on the plants supported by sticks or hoops made of bendable white PVC half-inch pipes, see our blog post Installing Hoops on Raised Beds.

• Bug netting on a cloth grow bag: Plant 2-3 collard plants in a cloth grow bag. Support the netting with a wooden stake or a wire hoop placed inside the bag to prevent it from resting on the plants. Put something soft at the top the stake so it doesn’t poke a hole in the netting,

• Bug netting supported by hoops: Cover your entire bed with a sheet of fine bug netting supported by hoops. You can use various materials for the hoops. The hoops can be pushed into the soil or attached to the raised bed frame. Learn more details in this video: How to Make Hoops for Raised Beds (4 Ways) and see our blog post Installing Hoops on Raised Beds.

• Bug netting attached to a hinged hoop house: Another option is to hinge a wooden rectangle to the top of your raised bed. Attach the hoops to the rectangle. Learn more details in this video: How to Build a Hinged Hoop House

Order Bug Netting and Bags from Deep Roots

You can order bug netting and bags from Deep Roots. We have not yet added an online store page for netting. To order call, text or email our customer support team – support[at]deep-roots-project.org AND 708-655-5299.

Other Brassica Family Pests

Please see our Brassica Family Pests and Diseases post for information about other Brassica family pests.

“Grow Your Own Food” blog posts

See the full list of our Grow Your Own Food blog posts. Each post is assigned ”tags” which are under the post title. If you need a quick answer to a gardening question give us a call or send a text to our customer support team – support[at]deep-roots-project.org AND 708-655-5299.

Deep Roots online store

See our online store for details about prices, ordering and delivery of raised beds, planter boxes, microbe-rich compost, worm castings, leaf mulch and more. We don’t sell traditional soil, since we use 100% compost as our growing medium. Our online store has 2 sections – (1) raised beds and planter boxes and (2) compost, worm castings, fertilizer.

Please contact our customer support team before placing an order online so we can assist you with the details and answer your gardening questions. You can pay by credit card in the store or by check.

(708) 655-5299 and support[at]deep-roots-project.org

Please leave your cell phone number when you sign up for our eNewsletter, if you want text message announcements now and then. 

Donations help us provide organic kitchen gardening education to individuals, organizations, and entire communities. Thank you in advance for contributing to our community and for sharing our website and blog with friends and family.

Unleash Your Green Thumb

The Ultimate Guide to Fun Food Gardening

Welcome to the Deep Root Project world “Regenerative Gardening” where we transform even the tiniest of spaces into bountiful food feasts. Forget about your grandma's traditional garden—Deep Roots Project is here to revolutionize the way we grow food, one harvest at a time.

The Secret Garden Recipe

Ever thought about growing tomatoes in something that wasn't dirt? How about worm poop and compost? At Deep Roots Project, we're ditching the old-school soil for something a bit more... lively. Our magic potion? A heaping scoop of microbe-rich compost, a generous sprinkle of worm castings (a fancy term for worm poop), and a splash of organic liquid fish emulsion fertilizer. Actually, we prefer to fill an entire raised bed with 100% microbe and nutrient rich compost instead of soil. We add powerful but gentle worm castings as the fertilizer to each seedling hole or row of seeds.

The True Dirt on Soil (Or Lack Thereof)

Rafa Crevoshay, our very own certified plant whisperer, has concocted a groundbreaking food-growing method dubbed "Transformational Gardening." It's like giving Mother Nature a high-five. We're mixing the best bits of organic and regenerative farming, then shrinking it down to fit your back porch. The result? A garden so resilient, it laughs in the face of traditional farming methods.

Microbes: The Unseen Gardeners

Imagine billions of tiny creatures, too small to see, doing most of the gardening for you. That's right, we're talking about microbes—nature's little helpers. These microscopic critters form a buddy system with plant roots, trading nutrients like kids swap snacks. Our approach? Let these invisible gardeners do the heavy lifting.

From Garden Novice to Nature's “Best Friend Forever”

Whether you've got a sprawling backyard or just a windowsill, we'll show you how to grow your own food and become a planet-saving superhero in the process. Deep Roots Project isn't just about growing veggies; it's about growing connections—to the Earth, to each other, and to the food that nourishes us.

Three Musketeers of the Garden World

Forget about the soil from your local garden center. Our trio of organic champs—microbe-loaded compost, worm castings, and fish emulsion—will have your plants dancing in their pots. This powerhouse combo replaces the need for traditional soil and fertilizers, making your garden a nutrient-packed paradise.

The Transformational Gardening Manifesto

This isn't your average gardening method. Transformational Gardening is all about flexibility, fun, and learning to read the room—or, in this case, the garden. Rafa's mantra? "Learn from your plants." It's about experimenting, adapting, and finding joy in the journey from seed to salad.

Say No to Soil Snobbery

You might've heard that using 100% compost is a gardening faux pas. Well, we're here to bust that myth wide open. Our new-age soil science proves that not only is it possible, it's revolutionary. You just need to use compost with a huge amount of microbes and nutrients. And for those not in the Chicago area, fear not! We'll help you scout out the best microbe-rich compost near you, sans the tree waste.

Raised Beds for Elevated Gardeners

Our cedar raised beds aren't just furniture for your plants; they're the penthouses of the garden world. Designed with care by our co-executive director, Will Schreiber, these beds can withstand the elements through freezing Chicago area winters, and look good doing it. No chemical-treated wood here—just good, clean fun.

Join the Green Revolution

Ditch the dirt. Embrace the worm poop. Become a part of something bigger. Deep Roots Project is more than just gardening; it's a lifestyle. So grab a shovel, and let's start planting the seeds of change.
Ready to turn your thumb green? Jump into the wonderful world of Transformational Gardening and watch as your garden—and your connection with nature—flourishes.

Dive Deeper

Click on the Blog Posts Below for more about our Innovative methods.

“Grow Your Own Food” blog posts

See the full list of our Grow Your Own Food blog posts. Each post is assigned ”tags” which are under the post title. If you need a quick answer to a gardening question give us a call or send a text to our customer support team – support[at]deep-roots-project.org AND 708-655-5299.

Deep Roots online store

See our online store for details about prices, ordering and delivery of raised beds, planter boxes, microbe-rich compost, worm castings, leaf mulch and more. We don’t sell traditional soil, since we use 100% compost as our growing medium. Our online store has 2 sections – (1) raised beds and planter boxes and (2) compost, worm castings, fertilizer.

Please contact our customer support team before placing an order online so we can assist you with the details and answer your gardening questions. You can pay by credit card in the store or by check.

(708) 655-5299 and support[at]deep-roots-project.org

Please leave your cell phone number when you sign up for our eNewsletter, if you want text message announcements now and then.

Donations help us provide organic kitchen gardening education to individuals, organizations, and entire communities. Thank you in advance for contributing to our community and for sharing our website and blog with friends and family.

Benefits of Food Gardening

In a world where fast-food chains are temples, and soda flows like water, the path to a healthier brain and body is through the kitchen and exercise, not the pharmacy. It's about understanding your body, questioning mainstream medicine's reliance on drugs, and embracing the power of food to heal and protect.

View and download a large PDF of infographic below

Food for Thought

Gardening Provides Substantial Health Benefits. Helps keep the brain young. Boosts immunity. Connects people to nature. Promotes exercise. Improves mental health. Supports stress release. Increases exposure to Vitamin D. Decreases risk of dementia. Raises social-responsibility awareness. Engages the creative process. Provides social opportunities. Builds a sense of community. Stimulates hands-on learning and tunes motor skills. Provides fresh, healthy food. Reduces food insecurity.

Chronic Diseases in Younger Populations

Traditionally associated with old age, chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, cancer and heart disease are now increasingly affecting younger Americans. This shift is largely attributable to poor dietary habits and a lack of physical activity. The early onset of these chronic conditions not only affects the quality of life but also increases healthcare costs and puts a strain on the healthcare system.

The role of healthcare practitioners should be promoting food as medicine. Also needed is policy changes to support farmers in adopting regenerative practices that restores healthy soils, and the gradual shift of some large food companies towards sustainable practices. Science proves the link between poor dietary habits and chronic diseases, including their impact on COVID-19 outcomes, underscoring the urgency of addressing the food system for better health and environmental outcomes.

Healthy & Fun Activity for Kids

Gardening can be a fun and educational activity for children, and it can help to instill an appreciation for nature and the environment. Food gardening can also be a great way to teach children about where their food comes from and how it is grown. In addition, children who participate in gardening are more likely to eat fruits and vegetables, as they are more willing to try something they have grown themselves. View our post about gardening with children.

Mind and body health benefits

Working outdoors surrounded by nature is healthy for mind and body. It helps keep the brain young and is a great workout. Three hours of moderate gardening can equal a one-hour gym session. Gardening lowers blood pressure and improves heart health. 30 minutes of moderate physical activity on most days can prevent and control high blood pressure. Gardening increases Vitamin D Level. Plus, spending time in the sun prompts your body to produce vitamin D which supports healthy bones and overall health. New science says that “Living Clean & Green” – eating healthy fresh unprocessed foods and not eating sugar – prevents cancer.

Gardening engages the creative process and helps keep our brains active and young. You get stress relief from gardening and soil contains anti-depressant microbes that can make us happier. Gardening can also help reduce the level of the stress hormone cortisol. Direct exposure to dirt and plants can help boost your immune system. A fascinating 2019 study showed gardening improved cognitive functioning in elderly adults.

Know Where Your Food Comes From

One of the most obvious benefits of food gardening is the ability to produce fresh, healthy food. Homegrown fruits and vegetables are often fresher and more nutritious than store-bought produce, which can lose nutrients during transport and storage. Eating home-grown fruits and vegetables also reduces the risk of exposure to pesticides and other chemicals that may be used on commercially grown produce. If your space is limited try growing in large pots and indoors in the winter.

Gardening Provides Mental Well-being

Gardening outdoors surrounded by nature is health for mind and body,  according to a groundbreaking study. As we dig our hands into the soil, we're not just cultivating plants, but also nurturing our well-being. The implications are profound and suggest that community gardens can be integral in public health strategies, offering a natural solution to various health risks.

Gardening can be a great way to get exercise and fresh air, which can help improve overall health and well-being. Homegrown veggies from healthy organic soil are more nutrient-dense than ones you buy in the store. Plus, you avoid pesticides and toxic chemicals sprayed on conventional food.

Helps Build Community

Gardening provides social opportunities, builds a sense of community and connects people to nature. Neighbors may be more likely to interact and form connections when they are working on a common project, such as a community garden. Plus, friends and neighbors can collaborate with garden partnerships. Food gardening reduces food insecurity in food deserts. Community gardens can provide access to fresh fruits and vegetables for people who may not have access to them otherwise. Community gardens can also be used as a way to educate people about gardening techniques and to promote sustainable living practices.

There are economic benefits too. You can spend less money on groceries while eating more fruits and veggies. You gain an opportunity to sell excess produce at farmers markets or to local restaurants and also give food to friends and family. In addition, food gardening can provide a sense of self-sufficiency and independence, knowing that you have the ability to grow your own food and feed your family.

Work in Partnership with Nature.

Soil health is top priority. Healthy soil promotes healthy plants and large harvests. The foundation of soil health is robust microbial populations that feed on abundant organic matter. The soil microbes transport nutrients to plant roots in a form that the plants can use more efficiently. The healthy soil microbes and the plant roots have a mutual aid pact. They need each other and they feed each other. We want the soil microbes to do most of the gardening work for us.

The Regenerative Farming movement is making small organic farmers more self-sufficient and profitable by using the soil health techniques like “No Till, No Dig, No Pull” that Deep Roots teaches to kitchen gardeners.

Growing fruits and vegetables at home reduces the need for transportation and packaging associated with commercial produce. In addition, home gardens can provide habitat for beneficial insects and birds, which can help to promote biodiversity. Furthermore, many food gardening techniques such as composting, crop rotation and using organic methods to enrich soil can help to improve soil quality – both nutrients and micro-organisms. Plus we can reduce the use of toxic chemical fertilizers and pesticides.

Benefits for Everyone

It can provide fresh, healthy food, save money on grocery bills, improve health and well-being, and promote environmental stewardship. It can also be a great way to teach children about where their food comes from, build community, and promote sustainable living practices. With the current state of the world, food gardening is becoming a more and more popular way for people to take control of their food security and be more self-sufficient.

“Grow Your Own Food” blog posts

See the full list of our Grow Your Own Food blog posts. Each post is assigned ”tags” which are under the post title. If you need a quick answer to a gardening question give us a call or send a text to our customer support team – support[at]deep-roots-project.org AND 708-655-5299.

Deep Roots online store

See our online store for details about prices, ordering and delivery of raised beds, planter boxes, microbe-rich compost, worm castings, leaf mulch and more. We don’t sell traditional soil, since we use 100% compost as our growing medium. Our online store has 2 sections – (1) raised beds and planter boxes and (2) compost, worm castings, fertilizer.

Please contact our customer support team before placing an order online so we can assist you with the details and answer your gardening questions. You can pay by credit card in the store or by check.

(708) 655-5299 and support[at]deep-roots-project.org

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Please leave your cell phone number when you sign up for our eNewsletter, if you want text message announcements now and then.

Donations help us provide organic kitchen gardening education to individuals, organizations, and entire communities. Thank you in advance for contributing to our community and for sharing our website and blog with friends and family.

Worm Casting Fertilizer & Microorganisms

Welcome, eco-enthusiasts and garden gurus! If you've ever wondered about the secret behind thriving, bountiful gardens, the answer lies beneath the surface, in the unassuming power of worm castings. These casting are the poop of earthworms called “Red Wigglers” and not your ordinary compost.

Black Gold for All Gardens

Worm castings have several names - the “Black Gold” of gardening and “Vermicompost”. They're a testament to the incredible, natural process that has evolved over millions of years to offer a safer, more effective alternative to chemical fertilizers.

The Science Behind the Soil Superfood

Worm castings are the end product of the decomposition process carried out by worms. As they consume organic matter, their gut microbiome—a bustling ecosystem of bacteria and fungi—transforms this material into nutrient-rich, easily absorbable plant food. This process not only creates a powerhouse of essential minerals like calcium and potassium but also improves soil structure by increasing aeration and water retention capabilities.

Not All Worm Castings Are Equal

Why do some worm castings produce better harvests? The answer is manure. Worm castings made from a high percentage of livestock manure, especially cow and horse, have more nutrients that boost plant growth and harvest yields.

Most worm castings sold in stores and online contain no manure. At Deep Roots, our worm castings come from red wiggler worms fed 100% livestock bedding, a mixture of straw and manure, ensuring a nutrient-dense product for your garden.

How our farmer makes worm castings

1. Pre-composting: The livestock bedding (straw, urine, and manure) is composted for 2-3 months before worms are added. This step helps break down tougher materials and kills harmful pathogens while keeping beneficial microbes alive.

2. Worm Feeding: Once the bedding is partially composted and cooled, red wiggler worms are introduced. They consume the decomposed material and convert it into rich, nutrient-dense castings over the next 2-4 months.

3. Harvesting: After about 4-6 months, we harvest the dark, crumbly worm castings, ready to enrich your soil and feed your plants.

The Ultimate Boost to Your Garden’s Growth

The magic of worm castings lies in their comprehensive benefits:

• Enhanced Plant Growth: They contain a rich mix of nutrients and active biological agents that stimulate plant growth, increase yield, and strengthen root systems.

• Disease Resistance: The microbial life within castings boosts plants' immunity against diseases and pests, promoting healthier, more resilient growth.

• Soil Structure Improvement: Their texture helps soil retain moisture and air, crucial elements for root development and health.

Applying the Black Gold to Your Garden

Worm castings can be used across all types of gardening projects, from fruits and vegetables to ornamental plants. Their versatility makes them ideal for:

• Vegetable gardens and raised beds: Boost your edibles with this natural, organic matter.

• Houseplants and hanging baskets: A gentle, effective way to nourish your indoor oasis.

• Lawns and landscape plants: Promote lush, green growth without chemical runoff.

Practical Tips for Using Worm Castings

Depending on your gardening needs, worm castings can be mixed into potting soils for new plantings or top-dressed around established plants. Here’s a quick guide:

• For edible plants: Add a half cup of castings to seedling (transplant) holes for a small or medium size adult plant like peas. Add one cup to seedling holes for large adult plants like tomatoes and squash. Add more castings to seed furrows for large adult plants,

• For new plantings: Incorporate a 15-20% ratio of castings to soil to provide a nutrient-rich base.

• For established gardens: Apply a 1-2 inch layer around plants, gently working it into the soil, to rejuvenate and enrich your garden beds.

Frequently Asked Questions

• Are worm castings suitable for all plants? Almost all plants! They're a universal growth booster for anything with roots. A few native and ornamental plants prefer low nutrient soil. Some root veggies like onions grow bigger if they have less nutrients and are stressed near harvest time.

• Can I use too much? It's hard to overdo it with worm castings. Plants will take up what they need, but a balanced approach (15-20% mix) is recommended for optimal results. The farmer who made our worm castings said he has grown veggies in 100% worm castings.

• Do all worm castings have the same quality? No, the quality can vary based on the worms' diet and the composting process. Look for castings that are rich in beneficial microbes and nutrients for the best outcomes. Our worm castings were made with a huge pile of decomposed manure and straw. When the worms finished eating the whole pile in months the castings were done.

Storing Your Black Gold

Storing worm castings is easy. Just put them in a non-airtight container with the lid slightly ajar, or with a couple holes drilled into the lid for airflow. Next, lightly spray the castings with water every few days to keep them from drying out. Or store a large pile outdoors so they get rain and air.

Happy Gardening!

By integrating worm castings into your gardening practice, you're not only enhancing your plant's growth potential but also contributing to a more sustainable, chemical-free environment.

“Grow Your Own Food” blog posts

See the full list of our Grow Your Own Food blog posts. Each post is assigned ”tags” which are under the post title. If you need a quick answer to a gardening question give us a call or send a text to our customer support team – support[at]deep-roots-project.org AND 708-655-5299.

Deep Roots online store

See our online store for details about prices, ordering and delivery of raised beds, planter boxes, microbe-rich compost, worm castings, leaf mulch and more. We don’t sell traditional soil, since we use 100% compost as our growing medium. Our online store has 2 sections – (1) raised beds and planter boxes and (2) compost, worm castings, fertilizer.

Please contact our customer support team before placing an order online so we can assist you with the details and answer your gardening questions. You can pay by credit card in the store or by check.

(708) 655-5299 and support[at]deep-roots-project.org

Please leave your cell phone number when you sign up for our eNewsletter, if you want text message announcements now and then.

Donations help us provide organic kitchen gardening education to individuals, organizations, and entire communities. Thank you in advance for contributing to our community and for sharing our website and blog with friends and family.

Create a Bountiful Food Oasis

Embark on a journey to cultivate fresh, delicious produce straight from the comfort of your backyard. The Deep Roots Project (DRP) champions a harmonious blend of gardening that nourishes both the soul and the ecosystem. Revel in the tranquility and health benefits derived from gardening amidst nature, knowing the origins of your food, and contributing positively to your community.

Free worm castings if you share a story

If you are already a member of our gardening community please share your comments, stories about how DRP regenerative food growing method worked for you, your friends and your family. Please also include photos of your garden if available. As a thank you, we will give you a free bag of worm castings fertilizer. Food gardeners at any level of experience are welcome join Deep Roots community of learners and teachers. Send stories, comments and questions to support[at]deep-roots-project.org. Call or text 708-655-5299.

Our innovative food gardening method is easier and saves time

Bountiful and economical: At DRP, we're passionate about empowering  you with our innovative organic "regenerative" gardening techniques. These methods are not only enjoyable but also ensure a bountiful, economical, and successful harvest right from the start.  

Practical guidance: From raised beds and optimal soil mixtures to  efficient watering systems, pest control, and plant selection, we provide  practical guidance every step of the way. Dive deeper into our philosophy  and techniques by exploring our blog on "Grow Your Own Food" and  "Transformational Gardening Basics."

Maximize harvest in limited space: Our focus extends to maximizing  food production in limited spaces and prolonging the growing season from  early spring to late fall. For seasoned gardeners, we recommend  rejuvenating your soil with our top-quality compost to replenish essential  nutrients and microbes.

Pioneering Climate Solutions Through Gardening

Regenerative gardens and farms: The global food system significantly  impacts climate change, accounting for roughly 30% of worldwide  greenhouse gas emissions. Traditional agricultural and gardening practices  contribute to this challenge through the use of synthetic chemicals and  disruptive soil techniques like tilling that wrecks the invisible soil structures  created by soil microbes. Regenerative gardening and farming on a large  scale is a solution to not only mitigate, but reverse these effects by  “drawing down” carbon into the soil. Our regenerative gardening method  is based on regenerative farming science and practices.

Nurture the soil’s living ecosystem: The essence of our method lies in  promoting soil health, which is crucial for both climate resilience and  gardening success. Our approach nurtures the soil's living community,  from earthworms to beneficial microorganisms, effectively turning it into a  carbon sink. This process, supported by the natural synergy of  photosynthesis, not only feeds a diverse ecosystem but also plays a vital  role in combating climate change.

Help us build a movement: Join us at the Deep Roots Project in leading  the way towards sustainable gardening practices that benefit the planet. Together, we can cultivate thriving gardens that serve as beacons for environmental stewardship and climate solutions.

“Grow Your Own Food” blog posts

See the full list of our Grow Your Own Food blog posts. Each post is assigned ”tags” which are under the post title. If you need a quick answer to a gardening question give us a call or send a text to our customer support team – support[at]deep-roots-project.org AND 708-655-5299.

Deep Roots online store

See our online store for details about prices, ordering and delivery of raised beds, planter boxes, microbe-rich compost, worm castings, leaf mulch and more. We don’t sell traditional soil, since we use 100% compost as our growing medium. Our online store has 2 sections – (1) raised beds and planter boxes and (2) compost, worm castings, fertilizer.

Please contact our customer support team before placing an order online so we can assist you with the details and answer your gardening questions. You can pay by credit card in the store or by check.

(708) 655-5299 and support[at]deep-roots-project.org

Please leave your cell phone number when you sign up for our eNewsletter, if you want text message announcements now and then.

Donations help us provide organic kitchen gardening education to individuals, organizations, and entire communities. Thank you in advance for contributing to our community and for sharing our website and blog with friends and family.